Samuel OReilly Invented the Tattoo Machine

Samuel OReilly Invented the Tattoo Machine An ever increasing number of individuals are getting tattoos today, and they don't convey a similar social shame that they used to. In any case, we didnt consistently utilize the tattoo machines that you find in your standard parlor. History and Patenting The electric inking machine was formally licensed on Dec. eighth, 1891 byâ a New York tattoo craftsman named Samuel OReilly. However, even O’Reilly would be the first to concede that his creation was actually an adjustment of a machine concocted by Thomas Edison-the Autographic Printing Pen. O’Reilly saw a show of the electric pen, a kind of composing drill that Edison had worked to permit reports to be scratched into stencils and afterward replicated. The electric pen was a disappointment. The inking machine was an inadequate, overall crush. How it Works O’Reilly’s tattoo machine worked by utilizing an empty needle loaded up with changeless ink. An electric engine fueled the needle all through the skin at a pace of up to 50 punctures for every second. The tattoo needle embedded a little drop of ink underneath the outside of the skin each time. The first machine patent took into account distinctive measured needles convey fluctuating measures of ink, a very structure centered thought. Before O’Reilly’s advancement, tattoos-the word originates from the Tahitian word â€Å"tatu† which intends to check something-were a lot harder to make. Tattoo specialists worked by hand, puncturing the skin maybe three times each second as they introduced their structures. O’Reilly’s machine with its 50 punctures for each second was a tremendous improvement in proficiency. Further improvements and refinements to the tattoo machine have been made and the cutting edge inking gadget is currently equipped for conveying 3,000 punctures for every moment.

Would Universal Basic Income Reduce Inequality?

Would Universal Basic Income Reduce Inequality? Could a widespread fundamental pay assemble the base of a reasonable society? In a world where the rich are becoming wealthier and the poor less fortunate, lower professional stability levels and innovative advances, pay imbalances are developing more extensive and getting all the more testing to diminish. Where once pay conveyance was viewed as an aggregate duty and was a piece of political objectives, today government mediation to accomplish such dissemination is viewed as a danger to monetary efficiency.[1] One proposition for an extreme redistribution of pay has been upgraded by Phillippe van Parijis, as a Universal Basic Income (UBI), characterized as â€Å"an salary paid by an administration, at a uniform level at standard interims, to every grown-up individual from society.†[2] This pay is paid paying little heed to an individual’s pay level, conjugal status, capacity to work or citizenship status, as long as he/she is a perpetual inhabitant. It isn't really a pay sum that would permit a person to deal with the entirety of their essential needs. Then again, extra salary from work, investment funds or government advantages can be added to it. [3] It is additionally contended that UBI would give social equity, genuine opportunity for all people, understand neediness and joblessness strategy issues.[4] A UBI underpins the jobless by altogether diminishing their money related vulnerability and the strain to acknowledge a vocation that may not meet their aptitude levels or that they find fulfilling.[5] Essentially it tends to the joblessness trap and the destitution hole, where family unit earnings fall underneath the neediness line. [6] Moreover, a UBI is likewise contended to be â€Å"the simplest approach to completely blend pay security and tax collection andensure comparable minimal expense rates for both the rich and poor.†[7] Additionally, the rate of government assistance misrepresentation would be diminished if not dispensed with, aside from where people guarantee fundamental pay more than once.[8] In poor creating nations, a great many youngsters approach tutoring yet don't go to in light of the fact that the poor budgetary circumstances of their families power their kids to work.[9] A UBI would give adequate pay to give in any event a circulation of chance, particularly to those with the least chances. Ladies lopsidedly bear the work in the family unit which thusly legitimately sway their activity and pay alternatives. A UBI would along these lines help to repay ladies and furthermore secures them in powerless occasions, for example, in the midst of marriage breakdown. At last, it is additionally accepted that a UBI would give an individual the opportunity to pick unpaid consideration work and different self-sufficient exercises. [10] The best issue encompassing the presentation of the UBI is its expense. Parijis contends that the expense can be balanced by the expansion in fundamental pay, an expansion in charges for the working populace, a decrease in lower annual duty rates and an annulment of advantages. Parijis likewise accepts that the entirety of the more extravagant countries would now be able to stand to make a commitment to singular salary. [11] Another contention against the presentation of a UBI is that there would be a decreased flexibly of work. Parijis contends that by decreasing their working time, families can set aside more prominent effort to take care of their kids and older, which over the long haul may lessen open spending on penitentiaries and medical clinics. A last contention against a UBI is that it â€Å"gives the undeserving poor something for nothing†,[12] which negates the head of correspondence wherein the individuals who get advantages ought to react by making a commitment. John Rawls contends that â€Å"those who surf the entire free day Malibu must figure out how to help themselves and would not be qualified for open funds†. [13] However, the state can't constrain people to be gainful, even by lawfully implementing a commitment to work. Gutmann and Thompson add that the commitment to work applies to the poor just as to the well off expressing that: â€Å"those who decide to live off acquired riches without contributing their own work to society may merit no more regard from their kindred residents than the Malibu surfers†.[14] In such a case, regard is allowed not by the state yet by general sentiment. Parijis includes that skilled ability, aspiration and karma are not uniformly circulated over a populace an d subsequently a humble however ensured monetary blessing is a human entitlement.[15] Taking everything into account, a UBI can possibly give social equity and a genuine opportunity for all people. It could altogether decrease neediness holes, joblessness traps and orchestrate salary security and duty rates over all pay levels, while essentially lessening government assistance misrepresentation. In creating nations a UBI will have the best effect on salary circulation, training and opportunity, especially where ladies oversee and care for the family and family. It would likewise bolster people hoping to put their time in unpaid magnanimous exercises either broadly or universally. These endeavors would in the end advantage people of all salary levels as more noteworthy time is given to the advancement of answers for issues. The primary contentions against a UBI rotate around its cost, correspondence of advantages and decreased work gracefully and thusly profitability levels. On account of the previous, there are a few choices accessible running from expanded personal charges to the nullification of advantages, with the more extravagant countries being more ready to actualize it than the creating nations. With respect to correspondence, it is hard to force or legitimately expect people to be gainful as a byproduct of advantages got, paying little mind to their salary levels. The main potential arrangement refered to is lost regard for these people by society. While there are numerous contentions against a UBI it the advantages to society and its destitution levels far exceed them, and may end up being an answer for overall neediness and inconsistent salary conveyances. Book reference Blais, Francois and Hutchison, Jennifer (2002) Ending Poverty, James Lorimer Company Blossom, David et al. (n.d) Universal Basic and Secondary Education, American Academy of Arts Sciences http://www.amacad.org/distributions/ubase_universal.pdf Groot, L.F and Parijs, P. (2004) Basic Income, Unemployment and Compensatory Justice, Springer Honohan, P. (tenth January 1994) Basic Income as a Reform of Tax and Social Welfare, Economic and Social Research Institute Muirhead, Russell (2004) Just Work, Harvard University Press Parijs, Philippe Van (October/November 2000) A Basic Income though: If you truly care about opportunity, give individuals an unequivocal pay, Boston Review http://www.bostonreview.net/BR25.5/vanparijs.html Wright, Erik (2006) Two redistributive recommendations †all inclusive essential pay and partner awards, Focus, Vol. 24, No. 2, Spring-Summer (2006) 1 References [1] Wright, Erik (2006) Two redistributive recommendations †general fundamental salary and partner awards pg. 5 [2] Parijs, Philippe Van (October/November 2000) A Basic Income though: If you truly care about opportunity, give individuals an unqualified salary [3] Parijis (Ibid) [4] Groot, L.F and Parijs, P. (2004) Basic Income, Unemployment and Compensatory Justice pg. 11 [5] Parijis (Ibid) [6] Honohan, P. (1994) Basic Income as a Reform of Tax and Social Welfare [7] Blais, Francois and Hutchison, Jennifer (2002) Ending Poverty pg. 17 [8] Honohan, P. (1994) Basic Income as a Reform of Tax and Social Welfare [9] Bloom et al. (n.d) Universal Basic and Secondary Education pg. 1 [10] Parijis (Ibid) [11] Parijis (Ibid) [12] Parijis (Ibid) [13] Muirhead, R (2004) Just Work, pg. 19 [14] Muirhead, R (2004) Just Work, pg. 19 [15] Parijis (Ibid) Walt Whitman: The Common Man with Revolutionary Poetry Walt Whitman: The Common Man with Revolutionary Poetry Destined to an enormous, poor family in 1819, Walter Whitman was not thought to be anything uncommon. Coasting from occupation to work all around New York, he battled monetarily for the greater part of his initial life. Through this time, in any case, he was encountering and learning things that would incredibly motivate him as he started composing verse. His first significant distribution, Leaves of Grass, earned him overall notoriety the same number of appreciated his handy composing style; they wore him The Common Man, an epithet that would endure a mind-blowing remainder. However, Walt Whitman was an artist with logical inconsistencies and irregularities. In the earliest stages of America, pride was on full showcase. Motivated by these emotions, numerous mainstays of nationalistic Transcendentalism is exceptionally unmistakable in his initial works. In any case, later in his life, Whitmans verse adopts on a progressively Realistic strategy as he investigates the darker sides of A merican life. From clothes to newfound wealth, Walt Whitman really encapsulated the American Dream. In I Hear America Singing, he praises all the exceptional sorts of individuals that live in the United States, I hear America singing, the shifted hymns I hearEach singing what has a place with the person in question and to none else (l. 1, 9) Whitman utilized the utilization of index while portraying these individuals and how they each serve to make the exceptionally assorted society we have in America. James E. Mill operator Jr. composes of this sonnet, . . . I Hear America Singing presents a picture of the country that Americans might want to accept is genuine a picture of pleased and solid individualists connected with inâ productive and glad work. Repairman, craftsman, artisan, boatman, deckhand, shoemaker, hatter, wood-shaper, plowboy-from city to nation, from ocean to land, the differed tunes mirror a real delight in the days innovative work that makes up the pith of the American dream or fantasy. . . . America singing develops as an upbeat, individualistic, gladly procreative, and vigorously comradely America (Miller 146-147). These interestingly American standards that are conspicuous in Whitmans verse are likewise present in his structure; he was a pioneer in a moderately new type of writin

4 Free Business Accounting Tools To Use In 2013

4 Free Business Accounting Tools To Use In 2013 Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!4 Free Business Accounting Tools To Use In 2013Updated On 21/06/2015Author : Ram kumarTopic : Web AppsShort URL : http://hbb.me/1o8RzNx CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogKeeping track of accounts on paper is still practical, but only for companies with few transactions. Most businesses of today have dozens, hundreds, or even thousands of transactions to account for each day. Without a computerized accounting software, thiscan get overwhelming and lead to inaccuracies.The software/tools can help you in tax planning, bookkeeping, expense tracking etc. and each of them can be used to create files that can be given to clients, investors and other parties related to the business. They are also industry approved and feature security options such as password protection. However, it is important to note that software tools are not replacements for professional tax administrator s who know finance laws inside out. Paymatters, for instance,helps contractors and freelancers save time and money by managing accounts, administration and taxes. They also offer automated timesheets and similar software shortcuts.On the other hand, accounting tools still have a role to play when it comes to the basics. Here are some free, basic accounting tools available for businesses:1.QuickFileThis software comes with robust features and an easy to understand instruction manual. With QuickFile, a branded dashboard can be created for clients and they can access it to see invoices, make queries and pay directly. The same dashboard can be used to check client balances, bad debts and email messages.QuickFile also provides a way to make professional invoices and inventory items on the go. There is also an option to upload bank statements and the software will categorize the transactions automatically. The software is free to use.2.KashooThis accounting software can be used to accept payments, see reports, print check documents and make invoices. It comes with multi-currency support and the exchange rates are frequently updated. The user can also reconcile bank data after signing up and the software creates several useful reports such as change logs, transaction logs and profit and loss statements.READQuizot - For Those Who Like To Quiz And LearnThe complied data can be accessed by business partners, clients and stakeholders free of cost. Kashoo is offered in the cloud and there’s also a compatible iPad app that can be used to access all the features. However, it does not offer project tracking and collaboration tools. While there’s no cost for accessing any of the features, there’s a limit of 20 transactions per month.3.WaveWave accounting software can be used to create sales tax, balance sheets, A/P and a lot of other reports. The data created by this software can be synchronized anywhere and there’s no limit on invoicing. It seamlessly integrates with payroll and there’s also an option to accept payments in foreign currency.The software relies on 256-bit data encryption and stores the data in servers that are secure. The protocols have been certified by Thawte and TrustE. All the features offered by Wave are free to use without any obligations.4.TurboCASH AccountingThis is community developed software that can be used for invoicing, general ledger management, VAT accounting and plenty of other account-based reports. It can be accessed by multiple users at the same time.Registered users also get access to the TurboCASH forum where they can discuss issues faced when using the tool. It’s free to use on several computers because of its open source nature. How to you handle business accounting? Feel free to leave comments.

Police Discrimination And Disregard For The Criminal...

I believe that police discrimination and disregard for the Criminal Justice System is on the rise due to the fact the crime is on the rise and people wish to have an excuse to get away with it. One of the biggest cases of discrimination in the United States of America is discrimination against our police officers and our Criminal Justice System. In this paper, I hope to refute accusations against our officers and the criminal justice system and to call people to have a greater appreciation and supportive attitude towards the system and its officers. I believe that police officers have one of the toughest and highest stress jobs in society. Any person who is required to deal with the most stressful and dangerous of people and situations deserves a lot of credit. I know that police officers are human like anybody else and therefore are capable of becoming corrupt and abusing their power. However, I also believe that the majority of police officers are honest people and that on account of a rise in crime, and therefore a rise in police brutality, an attitude of discrimination has evolved against all police officers. I also believe our country has a fair criminal justice system, which enforces fair regulations that protect all citizens’ constitutional rights. Despite accusations that the criminal justice system is rigged to protect and hide the flaws of its officers I believe that our criminal justice system does a lot to enforce that officers of the law remain honest people.Show MoreRelatedEssay about Disproportionate Minori ty Contact1071 Words   |  5 PagesJake Huston 11116850 Criminal Justice 205 10/30/11 Research on police and prosecutors reveals that uniformly they disagree that discrimination occurs in their agency and office. What then explains the disproportionate minority contact that occurs and the disparate treatment within the prosecutor’s office? Although police and prosecutors may contend that discrimination does not occur within their agency but that does not mean discrimination doesn’t occur. The facts show that minorities areRead MoreDiscretion Of The Criminal Justice System1509 Words   |  7 Pagesrole and is implemented in various aspects of the system. But what is discretion? Discretion, as defined in Canadian Criminal Justice: A Primer, is merely the freedom to choose among different options when confronted with the need to make a decision. As significant part of the criminal justice system in Canada, being a police officers â€Å"involves the use of a significant amount of discretion† (McKillop Pfeifer, 2004) . Due to the portrayal of the police by the media, the general public believes thatRead MoreRacial Profiling by Police Essay1669 Words   |  7 Pagesacknowledges the issues of racism and racial profiling committed by police. 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There is no racial data or profiling, no classifications, and no categorizations or distinctions based upon race. The race of an individual will not be considered when being chosen to participate in an activity or other type of service. The author connects the term colorblindness to the presidency of Barack Obama, and studies the racial caste system in America. Throughout her book, Alexander argues thatRead MoreThe Issue Of Male Domination And Female Discrimination2076 Words   |  9 PagesThe issue of male domination and female discrimination has been deeply rooted in the Canadian society from centuries. The mandatory minimum charging policy emerged as the promising step from the criminal justice system to restrict the rate of offenses in Canada. However, it clearly failed in projecting the fruitful results and strong criminal justice response to abusive men. The no drop policy, more number of female arrests, disempowerment, lack of access to reach the resources and inefficient policingRead MoreThe Current Use Of Stop And Search Powers Essay2186 Words   |  9 PagesAre there any problems with the current use of Stop and Search powers? Police stops of black people are still at an ‘eye-watering’ level compared with white people.†(The Guardian, 2016)[1] One million pointless stop and search checks† this year.†(fullfact.co.uk, 2016)[2] The Mail’s headline also picks up on these same Ministry of Justice statistics, which report in 2011/12, 1.2 million stop and search checks took place, with 107,068 resulting in an arrest. Assuming the left over 1.1 million

The United States Current Drug Policy - 882 Words

Introduction Among highly developed nations, the United States is known for its stringent illegal drug use policy and the high percentages of its population that have consumed illegal substances. The United States has issued a drug war against millions of Americans who use and sell illegal substances. This war has cost taxpayers billions annually and continues to contribute to an incarceration rate that surpasses any other country (Walmsley 2009). Although, stringent policies have lowered the decline in U.S drug consumption since the 1970’s, the war on drugs in the United States has not succeeded in changing America from being the world leaders in use rates for illegal drugs. In order to find an alternative to the United States current drug policy, it is helpful to look at the current options. Governments typically take three broad approaches toward drugs. The first is legalization, in which possession and sale are lawful but still subject to regulation and taxation. The seco nd is criminalization, which consists of the banning of possession and sale with criminal punishment (i.e incarceration). Lastly, there is the combination of the two—where sale and possession are prohibited, yet possession is punishable only by sanctions, such as fines or abuse treatment but not jail time. For the purpose of this analysis, the illegal drugs that will be referenced are marijuana and cocaine, seeing as they are the most prevalent drugs associated with the war on drugs. The issues inShow MoreRelatedNew Rehab Programs Should Be Introduced1420 Words   |  6 Pages Since the start of the Drug War, which was the motion to use more policing in order to end the illicit drug market, the amount of arrests have increased for drug possession. Rehab programs in state and federal prisons have helped people overcome their addiction and relapse. The same way that King Leonidas in the graphic novel, 300, went about his Spartan initiation, it portrays the way a drug addict tries to overcome their addiction. By continuing to arrest people for substance abuse, it makesRead MoreTraffic : The Post Modern Civil War1639 Words   |  7 Pagesentangled in the Mexican cartel war, during a drug bust of one of the cartels. The second story in the movie is about a conservative federal judge in Ohio who has been appointed by the President to the position of director of the Office of National Drug Policy, or the United States Drug Czar. The judge’s daughter is slipping into drug addiction during his turnover process. The third story is about two Drug Enforcement Agents that bust a dealer in the United States that is working as the main distributorRead MoreTreatment Programs in the United States799 Words   |  4 PagesReview, another set of mistaken assumptions underlies current policy regarding...mandatory drug treatment, offered by the courts as an alternative to imprisonment, is an effective and enlightened policy (Fish, 2013). Fish (2013) attempted to convey to the readers, the absolute necessity of overhauling current United States policies regarding drug treatment. Several topics were touched upon, including the foundational policies of the War on Drugs as well as competing treatment paradigms. RegardingRead MoreThe Flawed Drug Policy of America1691 Words   |  7 PagesFlawed Drug Policy Introduction: As a major policy issue in the United States, the War on Drugs has been one of the most monumental failures on modern record. At a cost of billions of taxpayer dollars, thousands of lives lost and many thousands of others ruined by untreated addiction or incarceration, Americas policy orientation concerning drug laws is due for reconsideration. Indeed, the very philosophical orientation of the War on Drugs and of the current drug policy in the United States has beenRead MoreUnited States Drug Policy1302 Words   |  6 PagesUS Drug Policy Introduction Drug policy is a crucial topic in the country today. Substance abuse, as well as drug-related crime rates, are a huge problem. This is a fact. The way to fix the problem of substance abuse, however, is widely disagreed upon. Some think that stricter laws regarding drug possession and use would solve the problem, while others believe that loosening the restrictions would be a better option. The issue of legalizing drugs, especially marijuana, is one that is debated allRead MoreIllegal Drug Use1378 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Illegal drug use and abuse remains a pervasive social issue despite significant efforts to quell its existence. In fact, a recent report released by the RAND Corporation (2005) notes that drug abuse has become such a prominent social issue that substantial increases in prison populations all across the United States have been attributed to the tougher sentences that have been put in place for drug users. With the realization that current social policies toward reducing drug abuse are not working—onlyRead MoreHow Congress Has Influenced Our Current Ineffective Drug Policy1521 Words   |  7 Pagesnation s general drug history and look critically at how Congress has influenced our current ineffective drug policy. Through this analysis I hope to show that drug prohibition policies in the United States, for the most part, have failed. Additionally, I will highlight and evaluate the influences acting on individual legislators decisions to continue support for these ineffective po licies as a more general demonstration of Congress role in the formation of our nation s drug policy strategy. FinallyRead MoreDrugs And Its Effect On Society1645 Words   |  7 PagesThe official definition of drugs is a substance which has a physiological effect when introduced to the body. Drugs have been a part of human culture since the beginning of recorded history. People have use drugs for all sorts of reasons whether it is for a religious mind altering ritual, to save someone’s life or just to make themselves feel better, and they are still widely prevalent in today’s culture. We all know someone who currently partakes in drugs whether they choose to share that informationRead MoreMarijuana Should Be Banned Marijuana1667 Words   |  7 PagesCannabis, otherwise known as marijuana, is a way of preparing the marijuana plant so that it can be used as medicine or a psychoactive drug. It is the most extensively banned drug in Britain. However, many local societi es and organizations advocate a reform of its validity. These include NORML UK, UKCSC Drug Equality Alliance, as well as Cannabis Law Reform. Other societies such as the Centre for Social Justice and Skunk Sense argue in favour of cannabis remaining illegal (UK Government, 2014). ThereRead MoreEffects Of Prohibition On The United States1272 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States has been actively engaged in a ‘war’ for nearly 25 years. At the heart of this struggle is the fundamental question: Is this a battle the United States can win? Many sources, such as whitehouse.gov, make the claim that drug laws are working Instead, it has created a military police force, reinforced a violent black market, discouraged safe drug usage, and done little to actually reduce drug use. In order to reduce these problems as much as possible, the United States has

Gender Stereotypes And Gender Identity Essay - 1310 Words

From the moment they are born, parents, peers and advertisements bombard children on what a males and females should look and act like creating stereotypes and societal norms. Males are groomed to be leaders and protectors and women to be nurturers and housewives. These stereotypes control not only young children but the adults that are raising them. Lois Gould, author of X: A Fabulous Child’s Story, details how it would be difficult to be a unisex child not only because of peer alienation but also because the judgement parents would inflict because they too are slaves to societal norms. These societal norms negatively affect gender identity in adolescents by pressuring them to uphold gender norms. Firstly, children’s personalities are†¦show more content†¦A study done by Meenakshi Menon, a professor at the California School of Psychology, showed the contrast in teachers praises between genders in a pre-kindergarten setting. Teachers were shown to praise girls for their helpful attitudes as well as passive behavior, while boys were praised for their participation and academic abilities (585). The study concluded that while boys were disorderly, they received more attention from the teacher and as a result the teacher scored the boy twice as high in academic abilities than a girl. Furthermore, teachers were shown to rebuke females when talking out of turn but to stop and listen more often to males in a classroom setting (587). Teachers praise and scoring of children can either grow or lessen the self-esteem of the child. Not only are females praised for docile attitudes they were reprimanded for anything less. These personality molds limit girls to be passive and boys to aggressive and insensitive. In addition to conforming to personality traits according to sex, children are also influenced to uphold domestic traits as well. In a study with over 250 families concluded that boys learn from their fathers to play a particular role in the family. Results showed that fathers worry more about finance and discipline than mothers, who worry more about the emotional state of the family. These same worries are what teach children their role in their family. The male’sShow MoreRelatedCultural Myths About Gender And Sex Essay1484 Words   |  6 PagesAre gender and sex in the same concept? This topic is complicated because countless people confuse these two as the same, but they are two absolutely different concepts. There are several Cultural Myths about gender and sex. 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Non-factual identities, like gender identity (different from the idea of biological sex) and social identity, are malleable because they depend on actionsRead MoreEssay on Gender Stereotype538 Words   |  3 PagesGender Stereotype According to the writers in chapter, â€Å"Gender Stereotyping And the Media†, gender stereotypes are harmful to men and women. Gender stereotypes set impossible standards for men and women that lead to unhappiness, loneliness and possibly violence towards themselves. Stereotypes affect relationships between a man and a woman. Moreover, stereotypes dictate the behavior of boys and girls that lead to violence. Rather than combating gender stereotypes, our society reinforcesRead MoreModern Day American Society By Aaron Devor s Bros Before Hos : The Guy Code ``1635 Words   |  7 Pages yet it is the root of all gender relations. The widely accepted notion that men naturally evolved to become the superior sex is a myth. 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Ultimately, there are several gender stereotypes that are dangerous because it limits the way men and women express their true identity; thus negatively affecting both genders emotionally and physically. â€Å"Be a man!† â€Å"Men don’tRead MoreBecoming Members Of Society : Learning The Social Meanings Of Gender Essay1063 Words   |  5 Pageseach other. Society has developed stereotypes and archetypes for the two different genders. Men are portrayed to be strong, independent individuals that are the providers of the household. Women are often seen as weak subordinates that take care of the children and residences of men. The way society has characterized genders and their roles are as separate and unequal. Aaron H. Devor wrote in his essay â€Å"Becoming Members of Society: Learning the Social Meanings of Gender† the following quote: â€Å"It seemsRead MoreIntersectionality Essay853 Words   |  4 PagesBerlyn Valdez WGS 150 October 16, 2017 Midterm Essay Intersectionality The term intersectionality is a very complex word with room for an open range for multiple definitions. Intersectionality is used to understand numerous types of oppressions and discriminations against people. Although, intersectionality wasnt used as a term until the 1980’s by Kimberle Crenshaw, an american civil rights activist and feminist, as a label for the types of oppressions women of color experienced. This is crucialRead MoreWhy Boys Don t Play With Dolls And The Gender Blur : Where Does Biology End And Society Take1330 Words   |  6 Pagesdon’t know the difference between sex and gender roles. Sex is the biological characteristics in a person. Gender roles are the expectations of how a person should dress and act based on their sex. The majority of individuals accommodate to those roles early on, because of the influences their parents have on them. Such ideas of gender roles are exhibited at length in the two short essays, â€Å"Why boys don t play with dolls† by Katha Pollitt and â€Å"The Gender Blur: Where Does Biology End and Society take

Touch N Go free essay sample

Acknowledgement Before starting my assignment , I would like to thank my teacher , for all his prolific methods of teaching which help me get a better insight of the subject. I would also like to thank Mr. Joseph for his calming influence and his kind words of wisdom due to which I completed my assignment with great ease. I would also be greatful to my parents and friends with whom I have gone through different experiences which I will share below. Touch n Go Company Touch n Go is a cashless payment method, developed for convenience of customers as you don’t have to carry a lot of cash with you. It is like an electronic purse that can be used at all highways, selected parking areas, shopping centres , LRT’s , KTM’s and Monorail’s in Malaysia. The card uses Contactless Smartcard Technology,which is pre-loaded with electronic cash , which can be reloaded at toll plazas, train stations , automated teller machines(ATM’s), cash deposit machines , petrol kiosks and at authorised third party outlets, ranging from RM20 to RM500. Touch n Go acts as a catalyst, enhancing the speed of paying for lower denomination value but having higher frequency transactions. It is highly convenient as there is no longer any need to stand in long lanes for any transactions. Looking into the invention of Touch n Go card, we can look back into its timeline given below: Touch n Go was the mastermind of Teras Teknologi Sdn Bhd and owner by Rangkaian Segar Sdn Bhd. The 1st TnG system was put installed on Jalan Pahang Toll plaza on 18 march 1997 and was immediately extended to Jalan Cheras and East West link Toll plaza on 15th April 1997. By 15th November 1998, TnG system was fully implemented throughout 848 km north-south expressway of Malaysia, making it one of the world’s longest single stretch of expressway electronic toll payment system. The official launch was done at Sungai Dua toll plaza and was officiated by the chairman of Rangkaian Segar Sdn Bhd, Datuk Dr. Ramli Mohammad. The different categories of TnG cards that have been made for the convenience of its customers are: 1. Prepaid Standard Card- A standard card available for adult fares for CTS, Local Railway Modes and Standard class Vehicles having 2 axles with 3 or 4 wheels. . Post-paid Cards: a. Fleet Xs Card- Its main purpose is paying for toll. Details like Company Name, Vehicle registration Number and Vehicle Class are printed on the card having advantages like easy reloading, vehicle flexibility, cashless efficiency etc. b. Biz Xs Card- It is a post paid card for Corporate Users, combined with different offers and packages for the high end business and corporate companies. It has advantages like cashless parking facilities, hassle free reloading, online monitoring efficiency etc. . Auto Reload card: c. Zing Card- TnG Zing is a companion card (has the working as a standard card), but is linked to Visa,MaterCard and American Express Card issued by the participating banks in Malaysia . the moment balance falls below RM 50 , an auto trigger reload of RM 100 is done in the card which will be charged into the credit card plus RM 2 as auto reload fee each time reload is done. Zing Card is currently offered by following banks: 1. May bank 2. Hong Leong Bank 3. Eon Bank 4. Affin Bank 5. MBF bank 6. AEON Credit Service The 5 components of Information Processing System that can best describe the operations of Touch n Go are discussed as follows: 1. Input: Input is the term denoting â€Å"Either an entrance or changes which are inserted into an system, thereby activating/modifying a process. † The Inputs made when processing a request for a touch n go card are: a. Personal Information: All personal details of the TnG card holder required to keep in touch with person are entered in system for future dealings. b. Card Category: The kind of card chosen by the TnG holder and card ID are inserted into their personal records to keep a record of the places and time the card has been used. c. Credit/Debit Amount: The amount, as per the category of card i. e. Pre paid or Post Paid is credited or debited into the account for it to be used for the various purposes it can be used for. 2. Process: a. Expressway/Highway Toll plazas: A touch n go card works actively as well as passively. An Active touch and go card is used as car users â€Å"touch in† before entering the expressways at respective toll plazas and â€Å"touch out† at exit toll plaza. The toll fares are charged on the basis of distance between entry and exit toll plazas. Card users should ensure that the card should have more than RM 2 before â€Å"Touch in†, otherwise the system will not function. If , for instance card balance is less than amount of toll fare , the exit payment balance after deducted card balance should be paid by cash at â€Å"LORONG TUNAI LANES†. Some of the highways that use this system are: 1. North-South Expressway(PLUS) 2. North-South Expressway Central Link(ELITE) 3. East coast expressway . Senai Desaru expressway n many more.. A Passive Touch n Go used is in the form of â€Å"SMART TAG. † SMART TAG or TAG on board on unit is an extension of Touch n Go which allows its users to insert the card into a reader device already installed in the car for a fully automatic and hassle free payment at toll plazas. As the Smart Tag gets in the range of the radio frequency of the toll plaza , a process starts where the amount is a utomatically deducted from the card without even having the need to stop the car. The toll fare is deducted and the balance amount is automatically displayed on the toll counter, making the whole procedure a smooth process. b. Public Transportation: A Touch n Go card is used as an integrated ticket in the Public Transportation in Kuala Lumpur. As of now, 2 companies have integrated this technology into their system: RAPID: Rapid KL Rail Rapid KL Bus KTM Komuter KL Monorail c. Parking system: With the passing of time and more and more people now aware of this technology, Touch n Go system has now been installed into many Parking systems. This in turn reduces the possibility of human error, making the process of money collection more efficient and seamless as while entering and exiting, with the use of TnG card, amount will be deducted automatically as per the number of hours the vehicle has been parked for. Touch n Go Parking Kiosk 3. Output: Output is the term denoting â€Å"Either an exit or changes which exit a system, thereby activating or modifying a process. † Regarding the Touch n Go system, the information used to decide the outcome will be relying on the usage of the TnG card. The information required can be different for different cases: a. Expressway Toll Plazas: Here, the distance between the starting and ending toll plaza decides the amount that has to be deducted from the Card and after deducting the amount, the balance left in the card is displayed on the small screen at the toll plaza lane. b. Public Transport: For the public transport, the information required for knowing the output i. e. the balance is the distance of the final destination from the source. c. Parking Lots: The number of hours for which a car is parked at a parking lot helps in deciding the amount that needs to be charged, which can be known as the user â€Å"touches in† while entering a parking lot and while â€Å"touching out† the duration can be automatically found out and hence deducting that amount from the user’s TnG card. 4. Storage : Storage is an important area as it a place where one can cross check any dealings,data or records incase of any issues, mismanagement etc. As far as Touch n Go system is concerned, all the data’s and information that are stored are: a. Personal details of all the TnG card holders. b. Kind of card being used by the card holders. c. Amount of reload being done and the place from where it is being done to keep a check if it is from an authorised place. d. All the transactions i. e. the place where the card is being used, amount used and balance left etc. In case of the card being lost, it can be easier to track back the card with help of these details. All the transactions regarding amount being used, reloading, updating the balance etc. Is done at CCHS i. e. Central Clearing House System. All the data is kept in the database centre of the company which is not disclosed for the benefit of its users. 5. Communication: A communication system is a way to commute information/data from one place to the other with / without being in contact between the 2 things. In Touch n Go system, there are 2 ways of Communication: 1. Active Communication 2. Passive Communication Active Communication: In active communication for TnG card, a physical contact is made by the card to the system installed on the toll plazas, where the user’s â€Å"touch in† and â€Å"touch out†, Public transport, parking places etc.